{"id":98923,"date":"2016-11-30T10:17:15","date_gmt":"2016-11-30T15:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/countingpips.com\/?p=98923"},"modified":"2016-11-30T06:18:46","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T11:18:46","slug":"artificial-intelligence-vs-human-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/2016\/11\/artificial-intelligence-vs-human-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"
November 30, 2016<\/div>
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By WallStreetDaily.com<\/u><\/a> \"Artificial<\/p>\n

According to Kernel founder Bryan Johnson: \u201cThe market for implantable neural prosthetics including cognitive enhancement and treatment of neurological dysfunction will likely be one of if not the largest industrial sectors in history.\u201d<\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n

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\u201cAI\u201d is a loaded, loaded term.<\/p>\n

For basketball fans of a particular vintage, it conjures memories of a pint-sized shoot-first point guard who reportedly showed up for press avails under the influence of at least one mind-altering substance.<\/p>\n

Allen Iverson even established some general pop-culture visibility with his on- and off-court exploits. He was a quintessential \u201cgood news-bad news\u201d basketball story.<\/p>\n

Though the former Philadelphia 76ers superstar is now an NBA Hall of Famer, nowadays AI is all about artificial intelligence.<\/p>

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But this AI is more than a simple \u201cgood news-bad news\u201d dichotomy. There\u2019s a lot of nuance in the space between those poles.<\/p>\n

\u201cAI\u201d is a loaded, loaded term.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Let\u2019s start with the bad.<\/p>\n

The generalized fear \u2013 one expressed even by eminences such as prize-winning physicist Stephen Hawking \u2013 is that one day AI-driven robots will establish dominion over humanity.<\/p>\n

Speaking at the Zeitgeist 2015 conference in London, Hawking predicted, \u201cComputers will overtake humans with AI at some within the next 100 years. When that happens, we need to make sure the computers have goals aligned with ours.\u201d<\/p>\n

That fear grows from the unknown.<\/p>\n

And there are abundant unknowns associated with even the potentially enormous positive contributions AI can make \u2013 in the highly topical field of cybersecurity, for example.<\/p>\n

\u201cComputers will overtake humans with AI at some within the next 100 years. When that happens, we need to make sure the computers have goals aligned with ours.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

As Ars Technica U.K.\u2019s Sebastian Anthony reported on October 28, 2016:<\/p>\n

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Google Brain has created two artificial intelligences that evolved their own cryptographic algorithm to protect their messages from a third AI, which was trying to evolve its own method to crack the AI-generated crypto. The study was a success: The first two AIs learnt how to communicate securely from scratch.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This \u201ccryptographic algorithm\u201d developed by Mart\u00edn Abadi and David G. Andersen is only a start. As Anthony writes, \u201cThe results were\u2026 a mixed bag.\u201d<\/p>\n

We have no idea how the researchers\u2019 AIs \u2013 named Alice, Bob, and Eve \u2013 created what amount to their own algorithms to encrypt messages. There\u2019s a solution, but no explanation. That means commercialization is hard to imagine right now.<\/p>\n

At the same time, in his review of Abadi\u2019s and Andersen\u2019s \u201cpreprint paper\u201d on the topic, Edd Gent of Singularity Hub observes:<\/p>\n

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Neural nets may be quite effective in making sense of communications metadata and for traffic analysis on computer networks. This is the kind of area where many think machine learning has a lot to offer cybersecurity because modern AI\u2019s are great at spotting patterns, and they can process far more data than humans.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Still: \u201cno one knows how it works.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, AI\u2019s potential continues to amaze in other lab settings.<\/p>\n

As MIT\u2019s Carl Vondrick explains to Victoria Turk of New Scientist<\/em> that \u201cany robot that operates in our world needs to have some basic ability to predict the future. For example, if you\u2019re about to sit down, you don\u2019t want a robot to pull the chair out from underneath you.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vondrick and his team have developed a deep-learning algorithm that \u201ccan predict how a scene will unfold and dream up a vision of the immediate future.\u201d<\/p>\n

Reports Turk:<\/p>\n

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To develop their AI, the team trained it on 2 million videos from image-sharing site Flickr, featuring scenes such as beaches, golf courses, train stations, and babies in hospital. These videos were unlabeled, meaning they were not tagged with information to help an AI understand them. After this, the researchers gave the model still images and it produced its own micro-movies of what might happen next.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Success hinged on combining computer vision with machine learning and then, according to John Daugman at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, recognizing unfolding causal relationships over time.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve discussed AI\u2019s ability to perform \u201chuman\u201d functions, including Psibernetix Inc.\u2019s fuzzy logic-based ALPHA, an artificial intelligence programmed to fly fighter jets that has beaten several \u201ctop guns\u201d in dogfight simulations.<\/p>\n

As Evan Ackerman and Andrew Silver of IEEE Spectrum<\/em> write: \u201cDeveloping an unmanned aircraft is a complex and expensive process.\u201d<\/p>\n

So Psibernetix\u2019s accomplishment is significant<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cEven retrofitting manned aircraft for autonomous operation,\u201d note Ackerman and Silver, \u201ccan be tricky.\u201d<\/p>\n

Well, the Unmanned Systems Research Group at South Korea\u2019s KAIST (formerly the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) is \u201ctesting a humanoid robot that\u2019s designed to operate a regular aircraft by sitting in the pilot\u2019s seat and using the controls just like a human would.\u201d<\/p>\n

Check out the PiBot\u2019s (pilot robot) skills on a flight simulator<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Of course, ALPHA and PiBot could eventually be deployed as part of a Skynet-like AI army.<\/p>\n

So let\u2019s close with one item that may qualify as an unabashed \u201cgood\u201d \u2013 an explanation for how we\u2019ll make good on Stephen Hawking\u2019s challenge to align the computers\u2019 goals with ours.<\/p>\n

We first zeroed in on Kernel<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 \u201ca human intelligence (HI) company developing the world\u2019s first neuroprosthesis to mimic, repair, and improve cognition\u201d \u2013 in the August 24 Wall Street Daily<\/em> issue<\/strong><\/a>. We spotlighted the company in our brief NBNBC mini-feature.<\/p>\n

(\u201cNBNBC\u201d is an acronym for \u201cno balls, no blue chips.\u201d To do great things, you have to take great risks. Once a week, on Wednesdays, we focus on a company or innovator taking on a big challenge in a big way.)<\/p>\n

So let\u2019s close with one item that may qualify as an unabashed \u201cgood\u201d \u2013 an explanation for how we\u2019ll make good on Stephen Hawking\u2019s challenge to align the computers\u2019 goals with ours.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bryan Johnson, the 39-year-old serial entrepreneur, recently announced he would put up another $100 million to fund Kernel\u2019s mission<\/strong><\/a>. He\u2019s already ploughed millions into the new company via his venture capital firm OS Fund.<\/p>\n

Kernel has set out \u201cto dramatically increase our quality of life as we increasingly extend healthy life spans.\u201d<\/p>\n

As we noted in August, \u201cKernel\u2019s first goal is to develop a device that supplants or supplements the input and\/or output of the nervous system for patients with cognitive disorders.\u201d<\/p>\n

Johnson\u2019s new investment \u201cwill expedite the development of this prosthetic and similarly transformative neurotechnologies.\u201d<\/p>\n

As he articulates by explaining the timing of the fresh $100 million, Johnson\u2019s vision of AI is quintessentially human:<\/p>\n

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Why now? Because the sooner we begin co-evolving human and machine intelligence, the better. The relationship between human intelligence and artificial intelligence (HI + AI) will necessarily be one of symbiosis<\/strong><\/a>. The challenge and potential of exploring this co-evolutionary future is the biggest story of the next century and one in which a closeness in development velocity is a necessity. In order for that to happen, we need to begin working on HI in earnest.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This is the ultimate expression of the Law of Accelerating Convergence.<\/p>\n

And it just might represent, as Johnson suggests, \u201cone of if not the largest industrial sectors in history.\u201d<\/p>\n

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NBNBC<\/h2>\n

Johnson\u2019s OS Fund has also invested in Boston-based synthetic biology startup Ginkgo Bioworks<\/strong><\/a>, which \u201cdesigns custom microbes for customers across multiple markets.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ginkgo builds its \u201cfoundries to scale the process of organism engineering using software and hardware automation. Organism engineers at Ginkgo learn from nature to develop new organisms that replace technology with biology.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ginkgo has raised $154 million in two years, including a $100 million round of Series C funding announced in June 2016 that will help it buy 600 million base pairs of synthetic DNA.<\/p>\n

The new investment will enable the company to expand its production of synthetic microbes into fields such as \u201ccommodity chemicals, industrial enzymes, and human health markets.\u201d<\/p>\n

A big part of that effort revolves around Bioworks2, Ginkgo\u2019s new facility where sophisticated data analysis, advanced automation, and DNA synthesis drive creation of new prototype organisms.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s yet another example of convergence \u2013 synthetic biology and robotics engineering \u2013 that promises great and good things for humanity.<\/p>\n

Smart Investing,<\/p>\n

David Dittman
\nEditorial Director, Wall Street Daily<\/i><\/p>\n

The post Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence<\/a> appeared first on Wall Street Daily<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By WallStreetDaily.com According to Kernel founder Bryan Johnson: \u201cThe market for implantable neural prosthetics including cognitive enhancement and treatment of neurological dysfunction will likely be one of if not the largest industrial sectors in history.\u201d \u201cAI\u201d is a loaded, loaded term. For basketball fans of a particular vintage, it conjures memories of a pint-sized shoot-first […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98923"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98935,"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98923\/revisions\/98935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investmacro.com\/forex\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}